Habitable Room
A room used for normal domestic activities. Includes, a bedroom, living room, lounge room, music room, television room, kitchen, dining room, sewing room, study, playroom, family room and sun room. Excludes, a bathroom, laundry, water closet, pantry, walk-in wardrobe, corridor, hallway, lobby, photographic darkroom, clothes-drying room, and other spaces of a specialised nature occupied neither frequently nor for extended periods.
Hall Chair
A simple high backed chair first seen in the 18th century, and used as a waiting chair in the hallway or corridor of a grand house.
Handrail
A rail used in circulation areas such as corridors, passageways, ramps and stairways to assist in continuous movement.
Hardware
Metal fittings such as door knobs, towel rails, handrail brackets, house numbers, door closers, etc.
Hardwood
Wood harvested from broad leaf trees (such eucalyptus, oaks, maples, ashes and elms).
Haunch
An extension, knee like protrusion of the foundation wall that a concrete porch or patio will rest upon for support.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
(HACCP). The seven principles defined by the joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, Twentieth Session Geneva. A structured system of analysis of hazards which identifies methods of hazard monitoring and control measures for each hazard. HACCP is a risk management methodology used by the food and related industries for the control of food safety hazards to acceptable risk levels. HACCP principles have been adopted all over the world, particularly in the USA, Europe, The Far East and Australasia. Increasingly, HACCP is becoming an important feature in the import/export process. It is recognized by all countries as the best method of food risk management.
The general principles of HACCP are as follows:
HACCP PRINCIPLE 1 – HAZARD ANALYSIS
Hazards (biological, chemical, and physical) are conditions which may pose an unacceptable health risk to the consumer. The significant hazards associated with each specific step of the manufacturing process should be addressed as part of this design. Preventive measures (temperature, pH, moisture level, etc.) to control the noted hazards have been included in this design OR the client has accepted that they will be responsible for the supply and implementation of a HACCP system/program/software or procedures.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 2 – IDENTIFY CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS
Critical Control Points (CCP) are steps at which control can be applied and a food safety hazard can be prevented, eliminated or reduced to acceptable levels.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 3 – ESTABLISH CRITICAL LIMITS
All CCP’s must have preventive measures which are measurable! Critical limits are the operational boundaries of the CCPs which control the food safety hazard(s). The criteria for the critical limits are determined ahead of time in consultation with competent authorities. If the critical limit criteria are not met, the process is “out of control”, thus the food safety hazard(s) are not being prevented, eliminated, or reduced to acceptable levels.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 4 – MONITOR THE CCP’s
Monitoring is a planned sequence of measurements or observations to ensure the product or process is in control (critical limits are being met). It allows processors to assess trends before a loss of control occurs. Adjustments can be made while continuing the process. The monitoring interval must be adequate to ensure reliable control of the process.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 5 – ESTABLISH CORRECTIVE ACTION
HACCP is intended to prevent product or process deviations. However, should loss of control occur, there must be definite steps in place for disposition of the product and for correction of the process. These must be pre-planned and written.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 6 – RECORD KEEPING
The HACCP system requires the preparation and maintenance of a written HACCP plan together with other documentation. This must include all records generated during the monitoring of each CCP and notations of corrective actions taken. Usually, the simplest record keeping system possible to ensure effectiveness is the most desirable.
HACCP PRINCIPLE 7 – VERIFICATION
Verification has several steps. The scientific or technical validity of the hazard analysis and the adequacy of the CCP’s should be documented. Verification of the effectiveness of the HACCP plan is also necessary. The system should be subject to periodic revalidation using independent audits or other verification procedures.
Head
The uppermost member of a door or window frame. The top horizontal frame member of the window.
Hearth
The fireproof area directly in front of a fireplace. The inner or outer floor of a fireplace, usually made of brick, tile, or stone.
Heartwood
More durable wood from the centre of a tree.
Heat Pump
A mechanical device which uses compression and decompression of gas to produce heating and/or cooling. Also known as a Reverse Cycle Air-Conditioner.
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Drawing
A drawing which shows systems of cooling and heating pump, heating, air conditioning, etc. and which are normally drawn by a designer of such installations.
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Drawing
A drawing which shows systems of cooling and heating pump, heating, air conditioning, etc. and which are normally drawn by a designer of such installations.
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Drawing
A drawing which shows systems of cooling and heating pump, heating, air conditioning, etc. and which are normally drawn by a designer of such installations.
Heavy Metals
Arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, zinc. Pigments in paints, inclusions in many, many products. Toxic to highly-toxic. Some pigments, e.g. strontium yellow, emerald green, manganese blue, are known carcinogens.
Hepplewhite Style
Named after George Hepplewhite, the 18th century English cabinet and chair maker. His style is characterized by light curvilinear forms, and by distinctive details such as slender, tapering legs. He is noted for distinctive chair backs in shield, oval, interlaced hearts, ladder and wheel forms.
Hermetically Sealed Unit
An insulating glass unit that is sealed against moisture. The unit is made up of two lights of glass, separated by a spacer (at the full perimeter) which contains a moisture absorbing material. The unit is then completely sealed, creating a moisture-free air space.
Herringbone-Strut
Two small pieces of timber crossing each other to separate joists.
Hierarchical Relation
Relation between concepts that is established by division of a superordinate concept into subordinate concepts forming one or more levels, or by the reverse process.
High Rise
Term used to describe a multi-storey building.
Highlight
A window where the sill is above the eyeline. And with a height of generally less than 500mm.
Highway, Street, or Road
A general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular and pedestrian travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.
Hinge Housing
The area chiselled to make a hinge sit flush with the timber.
Hinge Jamb
Vertical member of a door frame to which the hinges are applied.
Hinge Reinforcement (Back-Up Plate)
A metal plate attached to the door and/or door frame to receive a hinge.
Hinge Stile (Of The Door)
The door stile to which the hinges are attached.
Hipped-Gable Roof
A gabled-roof with the top of the gable sliced off to form a small hip at the end.
Hipped-Roof
A roof which is pitched on all 4 sides from the ridge to the eaves.
Historic Building or Facility
A building or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in a national register of historic places, or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.
Historic Building or Facility
A building or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in a national register of historic places, or designated as historic under an appropriate state or local law.
Hoarding
A screen of boards, especially for enclosing a place where builders are at work, or for display of bills, advertisements, etc.
Hob
A raised edge surrounding a shower or the like to contain water.
Horizontal Exit
A required doorway between 2 parts of a building separated from each other by a firewall, bridge or tunnel, which affords safety from fire and smoke from the area of incidence and areas communicating therewith.
Horsehair Fabric
Fabric woven by using the tail hair of horses in the weft combined with silk or cotton (and more recently synthetic fibre) in the warp. The resultant fabric is extremely durable, and is an excellent upholstering material.
Hose Bib
An exterior water faucet or cock.
Hose Reel
A cylindrical device turning on an axis around which a hose is wound and connected.
Housekeeper
(HK) Janitor room in a residence building.
HVAC
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Hydrostatic Pressure
The pressure exerted by a fluid due to its own weight. The normal predicted pressure for a given depth, or the pressure exerted per unit area by a column of freshwater from sea level to a given depth.
Hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.