- An additional load placed atop existing earth or dead loads. Often used in connection with retaining walls.
- An extra excessive vertical load or weight caused by spoil, overburden, vehicles, equipment, or activities that may affect stability.
- An extra and usually excessive burden or supply.
- To overload or make beyond capacity a sanitary sewer system. If large enough, a surcharge will result in an overflow.
- An increase in flood elevation due to obstruction of the floodplain that reduces its conveyance capacity.
